在全世界生產(chǎn)的最重要的糧食作物中，有5-20%被昆蟲吃掉。此外，與昆蟲有關(guān)的病媒傳播的疾病占所有傳染病的17%以上，每年造成70多萬人死亡和數(shù)百萬例登革熱、瘧疾、錐蟲病、萊姆病等等。這種破壞和疾病大部分是可以通過及時的干預(yù)和預(yù)防來避免的。

在物種水平上準確識別昆蟲是很重要的，原因有很多，如指導殺蟲劑控制措施，識別檢疫性害蟲，以及區(qū)分病媒昆蟲等等。這方面的評估工作既要求準確性，同時也對通量有較高的要求。

當樣品材料非常小且難以操作時，如昆蟲的腿、幼蟲和/或卵，DNA提取過程往往很復雜。從一個小樣本中提取DNA通常會導致DNA產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的巨大差異。

MicroGEM的prepGEM通用試劑盒提供快速和簡單的單管提取，從新鮮或冷凍的完整或粉碎的昆蟲和昆蟲部位提取單鏈DNA。這種單管提取方法可以從非常小的樣品中提取核酸，并確保樣品中的所有核酸都被保存下來。

通過prepGEM通用試劑盒從各種昆蟲樣品中提取核酸的研究實例發(fā)表的文章如下：

1、農(nóng)業(yè)：

研究表明，prepGEM有助于有害昆蟲的檢出以及潛在生物防治劑的鑒定。

Natural enemies of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Chile: Molecular and morphological identification
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205475

Investigating Biological Control Agents for Controlling Invasive Populations of the Mealybug Pseudococcus comstocki in France
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157965

Detection of spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098934

Detection of Pacific fruit fly, Bactrocera xanthodes
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-entomological-research/article/dna-barcoding-and-realtime-pcr-detection-of-bactrocera-xanthodes-tephritidae-diptera-complex/82BF63629E12C3DEA22BAB5A7149FC46

Detection of African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus
http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/pdfarticles/vol70-2017-057-062kremmer.pdf

Phylogenetic analysis of pest South Pacific sap beetle species
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613670

Characterising Aphelinid wasps as a biological control agent
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10526-016-9752-1

Characterising a Nematode species as a biological control agent
https://www.nzpps.org/journal/65/nzpp_651610.pdf

Identification of scale insects on kiwifruit in New Zealand
https://microgembio.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/MAPN005_20191002_Insect_prepGEM.pdf

2、病媒昆蟲：

這些研究表明，prepGEM的提取適合于識別和監(jiān)測病媒昆蟲的研究。

Identification of clade types of malaria vector mosquito in north-eastern Tanzania
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/mve.12274

Monitoring insecticide resistance in malaria vector mosquito in south-east Tanzania
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5782413/

Understanding the population structure of a species of tsetse fly in Uganda
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-5-222#Sec2

3、實驗室研究

一個常用的模型生物是線蟲（秀麗隱桿線蟲）。prepGEM已經(jīng)被用來秀麗隱桿線蟲的種群研究，重點是遺傳多樣性和繁殖。

Characterising male genotypes of C. elegans in response to a novel environment
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035811#s3

Understanding genotype distribution during the experimental evolution of C. elegans
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01744.x

4、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖

prepGEM已被用于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)，從巖龍蝦幼體中提取DNA以確定生物種類。它還被用來開發(fā)一種低成本的從蝦中提取DNA的方法，用于育種計劃中的基因分型。

DNA barcoding of rock lobster species for feeding studies
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0042757#abstract0

Developing a low-cost method for genotyping shrimp for breeding https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004484861400297X